Dominance - Revision history

imported>Dgaiv at 13:19, 11 May 2011

2011-05-11T13:19:23Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:19, 11 May 2011
Line 1:		Line 1:
	~~'''Adjacency''' is the relation between two branches in a tree structure. In the UNL<sup>arium</sup> framework, adjacency is used to represent the structure of~~ [[~~Syntax\|maximal projections~~]] ~~and, therefore, to state the distance of constituents in relation to the head.~~		#REDIRECT [[Adjacency]]

	~~== Dominance ==~~

	~~In the UNL<sup>arium</sup> framework, syntactic relations are described in terms of a general tree structure: the [[Syntax\|X-bar]], depicted below.~~
	~~<pre>~~
	XP
	~~/ \~~
	~~spec XB~~
	~~/ \~~
	~~XB adjt~~
	~~/ \~~
	~~X comp~~
	~~</pre>~~
	In structure above, the distance between the nodes ''X'' and ''comp'' is said to be lower than the distance between ''X'' and ''adjt'', which is said to be lower than the distance between ''spec'' and ''X''. This distance can be easily measured in terms of projections between the nodes: there's only one projection (''lower XB'') between ''X'' and ''comp''; there are two projections (''lower XB'' and ''higher XB'') between ''X'' and ''adjt''; and there are ''three'' projections between ''X'' and ''spec''.

	~~The number of intermediate projections define the values of the adjacency in the UNL<sup>arium</sup> framework, which are the following:~~

	~~{{#tree:id=ADC\|openlevels=0\|root=Adjacency (AJC)\|~~
	*AJ1: there is only one projection between the constituent and the head (i.e., the constituent is adjacent to the head)
	*AJ2: there are two projections between the constituent and the head (i.e., the constituent is adjacent to the lowest intermediate projection)
	*AJ3: there are three projections between the constituent and the head (i.e., the constituent is adjacent to the second lowest intermediate projection)
	*AJ4: there are four projections between the constituent and the head (i.e., the constituent is adjacent to the third lowest intermediate projection)
	}}

	~~== Dictionary ==~~





	~~== Grammar ==~~

imported>Martins at 13:29, 28 March 2010

2010-03-28T13:29:17Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:29, 28 March 2010
Line 15:		Line 15:
	In structure above, the distance between the nodes ''X'' and ''comp'' is said to be lower than the distance between ''X'' and ''adjt'', which is said to be lower than the distance between ''spec'' and ''X''. This distance can be easily measured in terms of projections between the nodes: there's only one projection (''lower XB'') between ''X'' and ''comp''; there are two projections (''lower XB'' and ''higher XB'') between ''X'' and ''adjt''; and there are ''three'' projections between ''X'' and ''spec''.		In structure above, the distance between the nodes ''X'' and ''comp'' is said to be lower than the distance between ''X'' and ''adjt'', which is said to be lower than the distance between ''spec'' and ''X''. This distance can be easily measured in terms of projections between the nodes: there's only one projection (''lower XB'') between ''X'' and ''comp''; there are two projections (''lower XB'' and ''higher XB'') between ''X'' and ''adjt''; and there are ''three'' projections between ''X'' and ''spec''.

	The number of ~~intermediary~~ projections define the values of the adjacency in the UNL<sup>arium</sup> framework, which are the following:		The number of intermediate projections define the values of the adjacency in the UNL<sup>arium</sup> framework, which are the following:

	{{#tree:id=ADC\|openlevels=0\|root=Adjacency (AJC)\|		{{#tree:id=ADC\|openlevels=0\|root=Adjacency (AJC)\|
	*AJ1: there is only one projection between the constituent and the head (i.e., the constituent is adjacent to the head)		*AJ1: there is only one projection between the constituent and the head (i.e., the constituent is adjacent to the head)
	*AJ2: there are two projections between the constituent and the head (i.e., the constituent is adjacent to the lowest ~~intermediary~~ projection)		*AJ2: there are two projections between the constituent and the head (i.e., the constituent is adjacent to the lowest intermediate projection)
	*AJ3: there are three projections between the constituent and the head (i.e., the constituent is adjacent to the second lowest ~~intermediary~~ projection)		*AJ3: there are three projections between the constituent and the head (i.e., the constituent is adjacent to the second lowest intermediate projection)
	*AJ4: there are four projections between the constituent and the head (i.e., the constituent is adjacent to the third lowest ~~intermediary~~ projection)		*AJ4: there are four projections between the constituent and the head (i.e., the constituent is adjacent to the third lowest intermediate projection)
	}}		}}

imported>Martins at 14:40, 24 March 2010

2010-03-24T14:40:49Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:40, 24 March 2010
Line 15:		Line 15:
	In structure above, the distance between the nodes ''X'' and ''comp'' is said to be lower than the distance between ''X'' and ''adjt'', which is said to be lower than the distance between ''spec'' and ''X''. This distance can be easily measured in terms of projections between the nodes: there's only one projection (''lower XB'') between ''X'' and ''comp''; there are two projections (''lower XB'' and ''higher XB'') between ''X'' and ''adjt''; and there are ''three'' projections between ''X'' and ''spec''.		In structure above, the distance between the nodes ''X'' and ''comp'' is said to be lower than the distance between ''X'' and ''adjt'', which is said to be lower than the distance between ''spec'' and ''X''. This distance can be easily measured in terms of projections between the nodes: there's only one projection (''lower XB'') between ''X'' and ''comp''; there are two projections (''lower XB'' and ''higher XB'') between ''X'' and ''adjt''; and there are ''three'' projections between ''X'' and ''spec''.

	The number ~~and the type~~ of intermediary projections define the values of the adjacency in the UNL<sup>arium</sup> framework, which are the following:		The number of intermediary projections define the values of the adjacency in the UNL<sup>arium</sup> framework, which are the following:

	{{#tree:id=ADC\|openlevels=0\|root=Adjacency (~~AJY~~)\|		{{#tree:id=ADC\|openlevels=0\|root=Adjacency (AJC)\|
	*~~AJH~~: the constituent ~~is adjacent to~~ the head (i.e., ~~the head and~~ the constituent ~~projects~~ the ~~lowest intermediary projection~~)		*AJ1: there is only one projection between the constituent and the head (i.e., the constituent is adjacent to the head)
	*~~AJC~~: the constituent is adjacent to the intermediary projection between the head ~~and a complement~~		*AJ2: there are two projections between the constituent and the head (i.e., the constituent is adjacent to the lowest intermediary projection)
	*AJA: the constituent is adjacent to the intermediary projection ~~between the head and an adjunct~~		*AJ3: there are three projections between the constituent and the head (i.e., the constituent is adjacent to the second lowest intermediary projection)
	*~~AJB~~: the constituent ~~is adjacent to any intermediary projection~~ (i.e., ~~it constitutes the highest intermediary projection)~~		*AJ4: there are four projections between the constituent and the head (i.e., the constituent is adjacent to the third lowest intermediary projection)
	*AJP: the constituent is adjacent to the ~~maximal~~ projection
	*:
	}}		}}

imported>Martins at 14:35, 24 March 2010

2010-03-24T14:35:18Z

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-'''Dominance''' is the relation between two nodes in a tree structure. A node "dominates" another node if it is above it in the tree (it is a parent, grandparent, etc). In the UNL<sup>arium</sup> framework, dominance is used to represent the structure of [[Syntax|maximal projections]] and, therefore, to state the degree of adjacency (i.e., the order) of constituents in relation to the head. Dominance is represented in the dictionary, in case of compound words that do not follow general dominance rules, or in the grammar, otherwise. Dominance is not represented in UNL.
+'''Adjacency''' is the relation between two branches in a tree structure. In the UNL<sup>arium</sup> framework, adjacency is used to represent the structure of [[Syntax|maximal projections]] and, therefore, to state the distance of constituents in relation to the head.
 In the UNL<sup>arium</sup> framework, syntactic relations are described in terms of a general tree structure: the [[Syntax|X-bar]], depicted below.
 <pre>
      XP
@@ Line 30: / Line 13: @@
    X   comp
 </pre>
+In structure above, the distance between the nodes ''X'' and ''comp'' is said to be lower than the distance between ''X'' and ''adjt'', which is said to be lower than the distance between ''spec'' and ''X''. This distance can be easily measured in terms of projections between the nodes: there's only one projection (''lower XB'') between ''X'' and ''comp''; there are two projections (''lower XB'' and ''higher XB'') between ''X'' and ''adjt''; and there are ''three'' projections between ''X'' and ''spec''.
- A '''c-commands''' B if and only if neither A nor B dominates the other, and the lowest branching node that dominates A also dominates B.
+The number and the type of intermediary projections define the values of the adjacency in the UNL<sup>arium</sup> framework, which are the following:
-This means that, in the first tree, X c-commands comp, the lower XB c-commands adjt, and the higher XB c-commands spec. C-command defines, thus, a sort of relation of adjacency between syntactic structures, and it is used to guide the process of generating complex sentences and multi-word expressions.
+{{#tree:id=ADC|openlevels=0|root=Adjacency (AJY)|
 == Dictionary ==

imported>Martins at 14:00, 24 March 2010

2010-03-24T14:00:53Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:00, 24 March 2010
Line 17:		Line 17:
	In the X-bar structure above, the node '''XP''' dominates all other nodes; the '''higher XB''' dominates the nodes '''adjt''', '''lower XB''', '''comp''' and '''X''' (head); the '''lower XB''' dominates the nodes '''comp''' and '''X'''; and the nodes '''spec''', '''adjt''', '''comp''' and '''X''' do not dominate any node.		In the X-bar structure above, the node '''XP''' dominates all other nodes; the '''higher XB''' dominates the nodes '''adjt''', '''lower XB''', '''comp''' and '''X''' (head); the '''lower XB''' dominates the nodes '''comp''' and '''X'''; and the nodes '''spec''', '''adjt''', '''comp''' and '''X''' do not dominate any node.

	The structure above ~~may have~~, however, ~~several different configurations~~: it may have more than one complement (as in ditransitive constructions such as "I gave John the keys"), more than one adjunct ("He worked in the office from 6:00 AM to 6:00 PM during the last year"), complement-adjunct inversions, such as in "bring home the bacon". These modifications affect mainly the structure of the intermediary projection XB, which may indeed assume several different ~~values~~, as indicated below:		The structure above, however, is only a model and it may vary a lot: it may have more than one complement (as in ditransitive constructions such as "I gave John the keys"), more than one adjunct ("He worked in the office from 6:00 AM to 6:00 PM during the last year"), complement-adjunct inversions, such as in "bring home the bacon", etc. These modifications affect mainly the structure of the intermediary projection XB, which may indeed assume several different configurations, as indicated below:

	{\|table align=center		{\|table align=center

imported>Martins at 13:58, 24 March 2010

2010-03-24T13:58:06Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:58, 24 March 2010
Line 1:		Line 1:
	'''Dominance''' is the relation between two nodes in a tree structure. A node "dominates" another node if it is above it in the tree (it is a parent, grandparent, etc). In the UNL<sup>arium</sup> framework, dominance is used to represent the structure of [[Syntax\|maximal projections]] and, therefore, to state the degree of adjacency (i.e., the order) of constituents in relation to the head. Dominance is represented in the dictionary, in case of compound words that do not follow general dominance rules, or in the grammar, otherwise. Dominance is not represented in UNL.		'''Dominance''' is the relation between two nodes in a tree structure. A node "dominates" another node if it is above it in the tree (it is a parent, grandparent, etc). In the UNL<sup>arium</sup> framework, dominance is used to represent the structure of [[Syntax\|maximal projections]] and, therefore, to state the degree of adjacency (i.e., the order) of constituents in relation to the head. Dominance is represented in the dictionary, in case of compound words that do not follow general dominance rules, or in the grammar, otherwise. Dominance is not represented in UNL.

	== ~~Command~~ ==		== C-command ==
	In the UNL<sup>arium</sup> framework, syntactic relations are described in terms of a general tree structure: the [[Syntax\|X-bar]], depicted below.		In the UNL<sup>arium</sup> framework, syntactic relations are described in terms of a general tree structure: the [[Syntax\|X-bar]], depicted below.

Line 93:		Line 93:
	A '''c-commands''' B if and only if neither A nor B dominates the other, and the lowest branching node that dominates A also dominates B.		A '''c-commands''' B if and only if neither A nor B dominates the other, and the lowest branching node that dominates A also dominates B.

	This means that, in the first tree, X c-commands comp, the lower XB c-commands adjt, and the higher XB c-commands spec. C-command defines, ~~hence~~, a sort of relation of adjacency between syntactic structures.		This means that, in the first tree, X c-commands comp, the lower XB c-commands adjt, and the higher XB c-commands spec. C-command defines, thus, a sort of relation of adjacency between syntactic structures, and it is used to guide the process of generating complex sentences and multi-word expressions.

	== Dictionary ==		== Dictionary ==

imported>Martins at 13:54, 24 March 2010

2010-03-24T13:54:30Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:54, 24 March 2010
Line 89:		Line 89:
	\|}		\|}

			In order to describe such structures, the UNL<sup>arium</sup> makes use of a well-established syntactic notion: '''c-command'''.

			A '''c-commands''' B if and only if neither A nor B dominates the other, and the lowest branching node that dominates A also dominates B.

			This means that, in the first tree, X c-commands comp, the lower XB c-commands adjt, and the higher XB c-commands spec. C-command defines, hence, a sort of relation of adjacency between syntactic structures.

	== Dictionary ==		== Dictionary ==

imported>Martins at 13:47, 24 March 2010

2010-03-24T13:47:35Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:47, 24 March 2010
Line 19:		Line 19:
	The structure above may have, however, several different configurations: it may have more than one complement (as in ditransitive constructions such as "I gave John the keys"), more than one adjunct ("He worked in the office from 6:00 AM to 6:00 PM during the last year"), complement-adjunct inversions, such as in "bring home the bacon". These modifications affect mainly the structure of the intermediary projection XB, which may indeed assume several different values, as indicated below:		The structure above may have, however, several different configurations: it may have more than one complement (as in ditransitive constructions such as "I gave John the keys"), more than one adjunct ("He worked in the office from 6:00 AM to 6:00 PM during the last year"), complement-adjunct inversions, such as in "bring home the bacon". These modifications affect mainly the structure of the intermediary projection XB, which may indeed assume several different values, as indicated below:

	{\|table ~~border~~ = 0		{\|table align=center
	~~\|align=top~~\|		\|
	<pre>		<pre>
	XP		XP
Line 30:		Line 30:
	X comp		X comp
	</pre>		</pre>
	~~\|align=top~~\|		\|
	<pre>		<pre>
	XP		XP
Line 40:		Line 40:
	X comp		X comp
	</pre>		</pre>
	~~\|align=top~~\|		\|
	<pre>		<pre>
	XP		XP
Line 50:		Line 50:
	X adjt		X adjt
	</pre>		</pre>
	~~\|align=top~~\|		\|
	<pre>		<pre>
	XP		XP
Line 60:		Line 60:
	X adjt		X adjt
	</pre>		</pre>
	~~\|align=top~~\|		\|
	<pre>		<pre>
	XP		XP
Line 72:		Line 72:
	X comp		X comp
	</pre>		</pre>
	~~\|align=top~~\|		\|
	<pre>		<pre>
	XP		XP

imported>Martins at 13:46, 24 March 2010

2010-03-24T13:46:57Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:46, 24 March 2010
Line 20:		Line 20:

	{\|table border = 0		{\|table border = 0
	\|		\|align=top\|
	<pre>		<pre>
	XP		XP
Line 30:		Line 30:
	X comp		X comp
	</pre>		</pre>
	\|		\|align=top\|
	<pre>		<pre>
	XP		XP
Line 40:		Line 40:
	X comp		X comp
	</pre>		</pre>
	\|		\|align=top\|
	<pre>		<pre>
	XP		XP
Line 50:		Line 50:
	X adjt		X adjt
	</pre>		</pre>
	\|		\|align=top\|
	<pre>		<pre>
	XP		XP
Line 60:		Line 60:
	X adjt		X adjt
	</pre>		</pre>
	\|		\|align=top\|
	<pre>		<pre>
	XP		XP
Line 72:		Line 72:
	X comp		X comp
	</pre>		</pre>
			\|align=top\|
			<pre>
			XP
			/ \
			spec XB
			/ \
			XB adjt
			/ \
			XB adjt
			/ \
			XB comp
			/ \
			X comp
			</pre>
			\|...
	\|}		\|}

imported>Martins at 13:44, 24 March 2010

2010-03-24T13:44:58Z

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 '''Dominance''' is the relation between two nodes in a tree structure. A node "dominates" another node if it is above it in the tree (it is a parent, grandparent, etc). In the UNL<sup>arium</sup> framework, dominance is used to represent the structure of [[Syntax|maximal projections]] and, therefore, to state the degree of adjacency (i.e., the order) of constituents in relation to the head. Dominance is represented in the dictionary, in case of compound words that do not follow general dominance rules, or in the grammar, otherwise. Dominance is not represented in UNL.
-== Types of dominance ==
+== Command ==
 In the UNL<sup>arium</sup> framework, syntactic relations are described in terms of a general tree structure: the [[Syntax|X-bar]], depicted below.
@@ Line 15: / Line 15: @@
 </pre>
-In the X-bar structure, the node '''XP''' dominates all other nodes; the '''higher XB''' dominates the nodes '''adjt''', '''lower XB''', '''comp''' and '''X''' (head); the '''lower XB''' dominates the nodes '''comp''' and '''X'''; and the nodes '''spec''', '''adjt''', '''comp''' and '''X''' do not dominate any node.
+In the X-bar structure above, the node '''XP''' dominates all other nodes; the '''higher XB''' dominates the nodes '''adjt''', '''lower XB''', '''comp''' and '''X''' (head); the '''lower XB''' dominates the nodes '''comp''' and '''X'''; and the nodes '''spec''', '''adjt''', '''comp''' and '''X''' do not dominate any node.
 == Dictionary ==