Introduction to UNL - Revision history

Ronaldotmartins: Redirected page to UNL

2025-10-23T00:49:58Z

Redirected page to UNL

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	REDIRECT [[UNL]]		#REDIRECT [[UNL]]

Ronaldotmartins: Replaced content with "REDIRECT UNL"

2025-10-23T00:48:22Z

Replaced content with "REDIRECT UNL"

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	~~Several of the examples on this page features high-crime against women.~~		REDIRECT [[UNL]]
	~~These are bad examples to be promoting by any UN affiliated program.~~
	~~They are disturbing, frightening, off-putting, and crazy.~~

	~~Murder much like rape, is an extremely serious matter.~~
	~~It has no place in an academic language example.~~

	~~Furthermore, many of the pages here feature death,~~
	~~I don't know who has such a morbid fascination,~~
	~~but there are plenty of happier things,~~
	~~which can be demonstrated in examples.~~

	~~These examples are hurting the students,~~
	~~by forcing them to think gruesume thoughts,~~
	~~and making them fear the curriculum.~~

	~~It is easy enough to have an standard for examples,~~
	~~that they must be lawful, inclusive, enjoyable and environmentally friendly.~~


	[[~~User:Elspru\|Elspru~~]] ~~13:16, 29 November 2014 (CET)~~

imported>Elspru at 12:16, 29 November 2014

2014-11-29T12:16:37Z

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-The '''Universal Networking Language''' (UNL) is an artificial language created to represent and process information across language barriers.
+Several of the examples on this page features high-crime against women.
-== History ==
+Murder much like rape, is an extremely serious matter.
-The [[UNL Programme]] started in 1996, as an initiative of the [http://www.ias.unu.edu Institute of Advanced Studies] of the [http://www.unu.edu United Nations University] in Tokyo, Japan. In January 2001, the United Nations University set up an autonomous organization, the [http://www.undlfoundation.org UNDL Foundation], to be responsible for the development and management of the UNL Programme.  The Foundation, a non-profit international organisation, has an independent identity from the United Nations University, although it has special links with the United Nations. It inherited from the UNU/IAS the mandate of implementing the UNL Programme. Its headquarters are based in Geneva, Switzerland.
+Furthermore, many of the pages here feature death,
-The UNL Programme has already crossed important milestones. The overall architecture of the UNL System has been developed with a set of basic software and tools necessary for its functioning. These are being tested and improved. A vast amount of linguistic resources from the various native languages already under development has been accumulated in the last few years. Moreover, the technical infrastructure for expanding these resources is already in place, thus facilitating the participation of many more languages in the UNL system from now on. A growing number of scientific papers and academic dissertations on the UNL are being published every year.
+These examples are hurting the students,
-The most visible accomplishment so far is the recognition by the Patent Co-operation Treaty (PCT) of the innovative character and industrial applicability of the UNL, which was obtained in May 2002 through the World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO). Acquiring the patent for the UNL is a completely novel achievement within the United Nations.
+It is easy enough to have an standard for examples,
-;I - The UNL must represent information
+[[User:Elspru|Elspru]] 13:16, 29 November 2014 (CET)

imported>Martins at 14:14, 13 February 2014

2014-02-13T14:14:00Z

← Older revision	Revision as of 14:14, 13 February 2014
(No difference)

imported>Martins at 14:13, 13 February 2014

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	== References ==		== References ==
	* ~~Cardeñosa~~, ~~J.; Gelbukh, A.; Tovar, E~~. (~~Eds~~.) (~~2005~~). ~~[http://www.cicling.org/2005/~~UNL~~-book/ Universal Networking Language: Advances in Theory and Applications]~~. ~~443 pp~~.		* Martins, R. (ed). (2013). Lexical issues of UNL. Cambridge Scholar Publishing.
	* Uchida, H.; Zhu, M.; Della Senta, T. (1999). A gift for a millenium. Tokyo: IAS/UNU.		* Uchida, H.; Zhu, M.; Della Senta, T. (1999). A gift for a millenium. Tokyo: IAS/UNU.
	* UNL. (1996). Universal Networking Language: an electronic language for communication, understanding and collaboration. Tokyo: UNL Center.		* UNL. (1996). Universal Networking Language: an electronic language for communication, understanding and collaboration. Tokyo: UNL Center.
			* Cardeñosa, J.; Gelbukh, A.; Tovar, E. (Eds.) (2005). [http://www.cicling.org/2005/UNL-book/ Universal Networking Language: Advances in Theory and Applications]. 443 pp.

imported>Martins at 13:26, 19 September 2013

2013-09-19T13:26:08Z

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	;2. Information can be represented by semantic networks		;2. Information can be represented by semantic networks
	:The UNL assumes that any information conveyed by natural language can be formally and usefully represented by a '''[[semantic network]]'''. This idea is not new. Semantic networks have been used in knowledge representation at least since Charles S. Peirce, and as an interlingua for machine translation since the 1950's. In the UNL approach, this semantic network (or UNL graph) is made of three different types of discrete semantic entities: concepts, relations and attributes. Concepts are nodes in the network; relations are arcs linking nodes; and attributes are used to delimit the use of nodes<ref>For instance, the English sentence "Dogs bite" could be represented, in UNL, as [[File:dogsbite.png\|thumb\|center\|200px\|Simplified UNL for 'Dogs bite']]. In this graph, "dog" and "bite" are concepts; "agt" (agent) is a relation; and "@generic" is an attribute assigned to "dog".</ref>. This three-layered representation model is the cornerstone of the UNL, and a distinctive feature over other semantic networks, which normally propose only two levels: edges and vertices.		:The UNL assumes that any information conveyed by natural language can be formally and usefully represented by a '''semantic network'''. This idea is not new. Semantic networks have been used in knowledge representation at least since Charles S. Peirce, and as an interlingua for machine translation since the 1950's. In the UNL approach, this semantic network (or UNL graph) is made of three different types of discrete semantic entities: concepts, relations and attributes. Concepts are nodes in the network; relations are arcs linking nodes; and attributes are used to delimit the use of nodes. This three-layered representation model is the cornerstone of the UNL, and a distinctive feature over other semantic networks, which normally propose only two levels: edges and vertices.

	;3. Any information may be expressed in any language		;3. Any information may be expressed in any language

imported>Martins at 13:20, 19 September 2013

2013-09-19T13:20:50Z

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	{{:Semantic network}}		{{:Semantic network}}

			== UNL Specs ==


	The structure of the UNL is defined by the [[Specs\|UNL Specs]]. The UNL Specs specify the structure of a UNL document; the syntax of a UNL graph; the syntax of Universal Words; the set of relations; the set of attributes; and all the information concerning UNL as a formalism:		The structure of the UNL is defined by the [[Specs\|UNL Specs]]. The UNL Specs specify the structure of a UNL document; the syntax of a UNL graph; the syntax of Universal Words; the set of relations; the set of attributes; and all the information concerning UNL as a formalism:
	*[[Universal Words]]		*[[Universal Words]]

imported>Martins at 13:17, 19 September 2013

2013-09-19T13:17:51Z

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	== Structure ==		== Structure ==
	{{:Semantic network~~#General_Principles~~}}		{{:Semantic network}}

imported>Martins at 13:17, 19 September 2013

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	== Structure ==		== Structure ==
	{{:Semantic network}}		{{:Semantic network#General_Principles}}

imported>Martins at 13:16, 19 September 2013

2013-09-19T13:16:45Z

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	== Structure ==		== Structure ==
			{{:Semantic network}}


	The structure of the UNL is defined by the [[Specs\|UNL Specs]]. The UNL Specs specify the structure of a UNL document; the syntax of a UNL graph; the syntax of Universal Words; the set of relations; the set of attributes; and all the information concerning UNL as a formalism:		The structure of the UNL is defined by the [[Specs\|UNL Specs]]. The UNL Specs specify the structure of a UNL document; the syntax of a UNL graph; the syntax of Universal Words; the set of relations; the set of attributes; and all the information concerning UNL as a formalism: