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| In the UNL framework, '''Subcategorization Frames''' are the number and types of syntactic arguments that co-occurs with the lemma in a sentence.
| | #REDIRECT [[Subcategorization frames]] |
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| == When to use subcategorization frames ==
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| Subcategorization frames are mandatory for words that take one or more syntactic argument, such as:
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| * intransitive verbs ('sleep', 'rain')
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| * direct transitive verbs ('kill', 'kiss')
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| * indirect transitive verbs ('depend', 'rely')
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| * ditransitive verbs ('give')
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| * deverbals ('arrival', 'construction')
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| * adjectives that require a complement ('loyal', 'interested')
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| * adverbs that require a complement ('contrarily to')
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| * prepositions ('in', 'after', 'near', 'instead')
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| * conjunctions ('because', 'and', 'but')
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| Subcategorization frames are optional for words that take no syntactic argument, such as: | |
| * nouns ('table', 'computer')
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| * adjectives ('beautiful', 'intelligent')
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| * adverbs ('yesterday', 'here')
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| * determiners ('the', 'this')
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| * pronouns ('he', 'yours')
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| == Syntax of subcategorization frames ==
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| Subcategorization frames should be presented as a list of syntactic roles separated by semicolons. Each syntactic role must have the following format:
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|
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| <SYNTACTIC ROLE> ":=" "(" <SYNTACTIC FEATURES> ")" ";"
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| where
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| :<SYNTACTIC ROLE> = one of the three pre-defined syntactic roles (see below)
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| :<SYNTACTIC FEATURES> = the list of features required by the lemma
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| :“ “ = constant
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| == Syntactic Roles ==
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| There are only three different types of syntactic roles:
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| {| border="1" align="center" cellpadding="5"
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| !Tag
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| !Syntactic Role
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| !Description
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| |-
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| |SPEC
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| |specifier (external argument)
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| |subject
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| |-
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| |COMP
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| |complement (internal argument)
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| |direct object, indirect object
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| |-
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| |ADJT
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| |adjunct
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| |adverbial and nominal adjuncts
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| |-
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| |}
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| == Syntactic Features ==
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| The syntactic features must be presented in the following format:
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| <SYNTACTIC CATEGORY> ["," <SYNTACTIC CASE MARKING>] ["," <SYNTACTIC AGREEMENT> ]* ["," <SYNTACTIC GOVERNMENT> ]
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| Where
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| [ ] indicates optional;
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| " " indicates constant;
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| <nowiki>*</nowiki> indicates that can be repeated 0 or more times
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| <SYNTACTIC CATEGORY> indicates the syntactic category of the arguments (c-selection). It is mandatory and can assume of the following values:
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| ** NP = Noun phrase
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| ** VP = Verbal phrase
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| ** JP = Adjective phrase
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| ** AP = Adverbial phrase
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| ** PP = Prepositional phrase
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| ** SP = Sentence
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| <SYNTACTIC CASE MARKING> indicates the syntactic case marking. It is mandatory for arguments and optional to adjuncts. It can assume the following values:
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| ** NOM = Nominative
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| ** ACC = Accusative
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| ** DAT = Dative
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| ** ABL = Ablative
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| ** INS = Instrumental
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| ** LOC = Locative
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| <SYNTACTIC AGREEMENT> indicates the agreement. It is mandatory if there is any agreement between the word and its arguments.
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| ** >NUM = Assigns number
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| ** <NUM = Receives number
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| ** >GEN = Assigns gender
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| ** <GEN = Receives gender
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| ** >PER = Assigns person
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| ** <PER = Receives person
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| <GOVERNMENT> indicates the adposition (preposition or postposition) required by the word, if any. It should be indicated in relation to the argument.
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| ** < = left appending (without blank space)
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| ** << = left appending (with blank space)
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| ** > = right appending (withou blank space)
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| ** >> = right appending (with blank space)
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| == Other symbols ==
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| [Square brackets] may be used to indicate optional elements: a[b]c = ac, abc
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| {braces} may be used to indicate alternative elements: a{b,c}d = abd, acd
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| == Examples ==
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| === Adjectives ===
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| *BEAUTIFUL
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| **There is no need for a semantic frame.
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| *LOYAL (TO)
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| **COMP:=(PP,<<"to");
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| ***The complement is a prepositional phrase (PP) that is preceded by "to".
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| *INTERESTED (IN)
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| **COMP:=(PP,<<"in");
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| ***The complement is a prepositional phrase (PP) that is preceded by "in".
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| === Adverbs ===
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| *HERE
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| **There is no need for a semantic frame.
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| *CONTRARILY (TO)
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| **COMP:=(PP,<<"to");
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| ***The complement is a prepositional phrase (PP) that is preceded by "to".
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| === Nouns ===
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| *TABLE
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| **There is no need for a semantic frame.
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| *CONSTRUCTION (OF)
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| **COMP:=(PP,<<"of");
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| ***The complement is a prepositional phrase (PP) that is preceded by "of".
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| === Prepositions ===
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| *NEAR(TO)
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| **COMP:=(PP,<"to");
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| ***The complement is a prepositional phrase (PP) that is preceded by "to".
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| *IN
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| **COMP:=(NP);
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| ***The complement is a noun phrase (NP).
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| === Verbs ===
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| *INTRANSITIVE ("sleep")
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| **SPEC:=(NP,NOM,>NUM,>PER);
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| ***The subject (SPEC) is a noun phrase (NP) that receives the nominative case (NOM) and that assigns the number (>NUM) and the person (>PER) agreement to the head
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| *COPULA ("be")
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| **SPEC:=(NP,NOM,>NUM,>PER); COMP:=({NP,JP}, NOM);
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| ***The subject (SPEC) is a noun phrase (NP) that receives the nominative case (NOM) and that assigns the number (>NUM) and the person (>PER) agreement to the head, and the complement is either a noun phrase (NP) or an adjective phrase (JP), that receives the nominative case (NOM) as well.
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| *DIRECT TRANSITIVE ("kill")
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| **SPEC:=(NP,NOM,>NUM,>PER); COMP:=(NP,ACC);
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| ***The subject (SPEC) is a noun phrase (NP) that receives the nominative case (NOM) and that assigns the number (>NUM) and the person (>PER) agreement to the head, and the complement is a noun phrase (NP) that receives the accusative case (NOM).
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| *INDIRECT TRANSITIVE ("depend")
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| **SPEC:=(NP,NOM,>NUM,>PER); COMP:=(PP,ACC,<<"on");
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| ***The subject (SPEC) is a noun phrase (NP) that receives the nominative case (NOM) and that assigns the number (>NUM) and the person (>PER) agreement to the head, and the complement is a prepositional phrase, that receives the accusative case (ACC) and that is preceded by "on".
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| *DITRANSITIVE ("give")
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| **SPEC:=(NP,NOM,>NUM,>PER); COMP:=(NP,ACC); COMP:=(PP,DAT,<<"to");
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| ***The subject (SPEC) is a noun phrase (NP) that receives the nominative case (NOM) and that assigns the number (>NUM) and the person (>PER) agreement to the head, and there are two complements: a noun phrase (NP), that receives the accusative case (ACC), and a prepositional phrase, that receives the dative case (DAT) and is preceded by "to".
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