Subcategorization frame: Difference between revisions

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* pronouns ('he', 'yours')
* pronouns ('he', 'yours')


== Syntax of subcategorization frames ==
== Syntax ==


Subcategorization frames should be presented as a list of syntactic roles separated by semicolons. Each syntactic role must have the following format:
Subcategorization frames should comply with the '''[[S-Rule]]''' formalism for writing syntactic rules in the UNL framework.
<SYNTACTIC ROLE> ":=" "(" <SYNTACTIC FEATURES> ")" ";"
 
where
:<SYNTACTIC ROLE> = one of the three pre-defined syntactic roles (see below)
:<SYNTACTIC FEATURES> = the list of features required by the lemma
:“ “ = constant
 
== Syntactic Roles ==
There are only three different types of syntactic roles:
{| border="1" align="center" cellpadding="5"
!Tag
!Syntactic Role
!Description
|-
|SPEC
|specifier (external argument)
|subject
|-
|COMP
|complement (internal argument)
|direct object, indirect object
|-
|ADJT
|adjunct
|adverbial and nominal adjuncts
|-
|}
 
== Syntactic Features ==
 
The syntactic features must be presented in the following format:
 
<SYNTACTIC CATEGORY> ["," <SYNTACTIC CASE MARKING>] ["," <SYNTACTIC AGREEMENT> ]* ["," <SYNTACTIC GOVERNMENT> ]
 
Where
[  ] indicates optional;
" " indicates constant;
<nowiki>*</nowiki> indicates that can be repeated 0 or more times
 
<SYNTACTIC CATEGORY> indicates the syntactic category of the arguments (c-selection). It is mandatory and can assume of the following values:
** NP = Noun phrase
** VP = Verbal phrase
** JP = Adjective phrase
** AP = Adverbial phrase
** PP = Prepositional phrase
** SP = Sentence
 
<SYNTACTIC CASE MARKING> indicates the syntactic case marking. It is mandatory for arguments and optional to adjuncts. It can assume the following values:
** ABL = Ablative
** ACC = Accusative
** DAT = Dative
** GNT = Genitive
** INS = Instrumental
** LOC = Locative
** NOM = Nominative
 
<SYNTACTIC AGREEMENT> indicates the agreement. It is mandatory if there is any agreement between the word and its arguments.
** >NUM = Assigns number
** <NUM = Receives number
** >GEN = Assigns gender
** <GEN = Receives gender
** >PER = Assigns person
** <PER = Receives person
 
<GOVERNMENT> indicates the adposition (preposition or postposition) required by the word, if any. It should be indicated in relation to the argument.
** < = left appending (without blank space)
** << = left appending (with blank space)
** > = right appending (withou blank space)
** >> = right appending (with blank space)
 
== Other symbols ==
[Square brackets] may be used to indicate optional elements: a[b]c = ac, abc
 
{braces} may be used to indicate alternative elements: a{b,c}d = abd, acd


== Examples ==
== Examples ==

Revision as of 10:26, 14 September 2009

In the UNL framework, Subcategorization Frames are the number and types of syntactic arguments that co-occurs with the lemma in a sentence.

When to use subcategorization frames

Subcategorization frames are mandatory for words that take one or more syntactic argument, such as:

  • intransitive verbs ('sleep', 'rain')
  • direct transitive verbs ('kill', 'kiss')
  • indirect transitive verbs ('depend', 'rely')
  • ditransitive verbs ('give')
  • deverbals ('arrival', 'construction')
  • adjectives that require a complement ('loyal', 'interested')
  • adverbs that require a complement ('contrarily to')
  • prepositions ('in', 'after', 'near', 'instead')
  • conjunctions ('because', 'and', 'but')

Subcategorization frames are optional for words that take no syntactic argument, such as:

  • nouns ('table', 'computer')
  • adjectives ('beautiful', 'intelligent')
  • adverbs ('yesterday', 'here')
  • determiners ('the', 'this')
  • pronouns ('he', 'yours')

Syntax

Subcategorization frames should comply with the S-Rule formalism for writing syntactic rules in the UNL framework.

Examples

Adjectives

  • BEAUTIFUL
    • There is no need for a semantic frame.
  • LOYAL (TO)
    • COMP:=(PP,"to"<<0);
      • The complement is a prepositional phrase (PP) that is preceded by "to".
  • INTERESTED (IN)
    • COMP:=(PP,"in"<<0);
      • The complement is a prepositional phrase (PP) that is preceded by "in".

Adverbs

  • HERE
    • There is no need for a semantic frame.
  • CONTRARILY (TO)
    • COMP:=(PP,"to"<<0);
      • The complement is a prepositional phrase (PP) that is preceded by "to".

Nouns

  • TABLE
    • There is no need for a semantic frame.
  • CONSTRUCTION (OF)
    • COMP:=(PP,"of"<<0);
      • The complement is a prepositional phrase (PP) that is preceded by "of".

Prepositions

  • NEAR(TO)
    • COMP:=(PP,"to"<<0);
      • The complement is a prepositional phrase (PP) that is preceded by "to".
  • IN
    • COMP:=(NP);
      • The complement is a noun phrase (NP).

Verbs

  • INTRANSITIVE ("sleep")
    • SPEC:=(NP,NOM,>NUM,>PER);
      • The subject (SPEC) is a noun phrase (NP) that receives the nominative case (NOM) and that assigns the number (>NUM) and the person (>PER) agreement to the head
  • COPULA ("be")
    • SPEC:=(NP,NOM,>NUM,>PER); COMP:=({NP,JP}, NOM);
      • The subject (SPEC) is a noun phrase (NP) that receives the nominative case (NOM) and that assigns the number (>NUM) and the person (>PER) agreement to the head, and the complement is either a noun phrase (NP) or an adjective phrase (JP), that receives the nominative case (NOM) as well.
  • DIRECT TRANSITIVE ("kill")
    • SPEC:=(NP,NOM,>NUM,>PER); COMP:=(NP,ACC);
      • The subject (SPEC) is a noun phrase (NP) that receives the nominative case (NOM) and that assigns the number (>NUM) and the person (>PER) agreement to the head, and the complement is a noun phrase (NP) that receives the accusative case (NOM).
  • INDIRECT TRANSITIVE ("depend")
    • SPEC:=(NP,NOM,>NUM,>PER); COMP:=(PP,ACC,"on"<<0);
      • The subject (SPEC) is a noun phrase (NP) that receives the nominative case (NOM) and that assigns the number (>NUM) and the person (>PER) agreement to the head, and the complement is a prepositional phrase, that receives the accusative case (ACC) and that is preceded by "on".
  • DITRANSITIVE ("give")
    • SPEC:=(NP,NOM,>NUM,>PER); COMP:=(NP,ACC); COMP:=(PP,DAT,"to"<<0);
      • The subject (SPEC) is a noun phrase (NP) that receives the nominative case (NOM) and that assigns the number (>NUM) and the person (>PER) agreement to the head, and there are two complements: a noun phrase (NP), that receives the accusative case (ACC), and a prepositional phrase, that receives the dative case (DAT) and is preceded by "to".
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