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| In grammar, '''inflection''' is the modification of a word to express different grammatical categories such as [[tense]], [[mood]], [[voice]], [[aspect]], [[person]], [[number]], [[gender]] and [[case]]. Conjugation is the inflection of verbs; declension is the inflection of nouns, adjectives and pronouns.
| | == 373. To replace "ex" by "ices" in the end of the English words "index", "matrix" and "vertex" in case of plural == |
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| == Inflectional Paradigms and Inflectional Rules ==
| | "Matrix" does not end with "ex" - sorry for spoilers, feel free to delete :) [[User:Vzakharov|Vzakharov]] 20:51, 23 August 2012 (CEST) |
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| In the UNL<sup>arium</sup> framework, inflection is indicated by a set of transformations carried over the [[base form]]. This set of transformations can be represented by:
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| *'''[[inflectional paradigms]]''', in case of regular behaviour (i.e., a set of transformations that is followed by several different words)
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| *'''[[inflectional rules]]''', in case of irregular behaviour (i.e., a set of transformation that is followed by very few words); or
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| *'''inflectional paradigms''' and '''inflectional rules''', in case of quasi-regular behaviour (i.e., when the word is mainly regular but has some inflectional particularities).
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| The difference between inflectional paradigms and inflectional rules is mainly a question of frequency. If a rule is applicable to several different words, it should be defined as a general inflectional paradigm; if it is applicable to a single word or to a very limited number of cases, it should be defined as an inflectional rule inside the very entry.
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| For instance, the plural of English nouns is considerably regular and can be treated, in most cases, by the general paradigm '''PLR:=0>"s";''' (= add an "s" to the end of the word). This paradigm may be associated to a wide range of English words (such as ''table'', ''book'', ''boy'', ''computer'', etc). However, there are several special cases (such as ''man''>''men'', ''child''>''children'', ''foot''>''feet'') that, being very limited, should be treated by inflectional rules instead of inflectional paradigms. The third case ("quasi-regular") is considerably rare in English, but may be found in French, for instance, where verbs such as ''acheter'' (= to buy) follows the conjugation of the second group in all cases but undergoes a small change in the root ("e" becomes "è") in some persons and tenses. To avoid the proliferation of paradigms, quasi-regular words are associated to general inflectional models, and only their corresponding exceptions are listed as inflectional rules.
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| == Syntax ==
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| Inflectional paradigms and inflectional rules are expressed by [[A-rule]]s, a special formalism for introducing prefixes, infixes and suffixes to the base form.
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| == Inflections inside the dictionary ==
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| The UNL<sup>arium</sup> framework brings two main dictionary formats:
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| *'''Generative''', i.e., base forms and the corresponding lexical features and generation rules (to be used in natural language generation)
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| *'''Enumerative''', i.e., word forms, with the corresponding lexical features (to be used in natural language analysis)
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| A sample of each format of the English dictionary is presented below:
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| ;generative
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| :[foot] {2883} "100284665" (POS=NOU,LST=WRD,NUM=SNG,PAR=M1,INFR=FLX(PLR:="feet";)) <eng,0,0>;
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| ;enumerative
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| :[foot] {2883} "100284665" (POS=NOU,LST=WRD,NUM=SNG,PAR=M1) <eng,0,0>;
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| :[feet] {2883} "100284665" (POS=NOU,LST=WRD,NUM=PLR,PAR=M1) <eng,0,0>;
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| The enumerative dictionary includes all inflected forms as entries and, therefore, does not bring any inflectional rule except for the inflectional paradigm (PAR=M1). The generative dictionary, which brings only base forms as entries, includes the information on the inflectional paradigm and on inflectional rules.<br />
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| Inflections are represented in the dictionary entry structure as follows:
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| *Inflectional paradigms are informed as '''PAR=Mxx''', where "PAR" indicates "inflectional paradigm"; "M" is the fixed leading symbol for the paradigm; and "xx" is the number of the inflectional paradigm previously defined in the grammar.
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| *Inflectional rules are informed as '''INFR=FLX(<A-RULE>)''' where INFR indicates "inflectional rule"; "FLX" is the fixed leading tag for the inflection rules set; and <A-RULE> is the affixation rule, or set of affixation rules, used to generate the inflections out of the base form.
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| === Examples of dictionary entries with inflectional information ===
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| [kill]{5987}"200355177"(FRA=Y38,LST=WRD,MOR=ROO,'''PAR=M16''',POS=VER,TRA=TST) <eng,70,80>; <br />
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| [bring] {2345}"200767334"(FRA=Y38,LST=WRD,MOR=STE,PAR=M22,POS=VER,TRA=TST,'''INFR=FLX(PAS:="brought";PTP:="brought";)''')<eng,50,34>;<br />
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373. To replace "ex" by "ices" in the end of the English words "index", "matrix" and "vertex" in case of plural
"Matrix" does not end with "ex" - sorry for spoilers, feel free to delete :) Vzakharov 20:51, 23 August 2012 (CEST)
